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PCBA貼片不良原因分析

Release Time:2020-01-03 Edit the author:金致卓 Reading:8286

PCBA貼片生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中,由于操作失誤的影響,容易導(dǎo)致PCBA貼片的不良,如:空焊,短路,翹立,缺件,錫珠,翹腳,浮高,錯(cuò)件,冷焊,反向,反白/反面,偏移,元件破損,少錫,多錫,金手指粘錫,溢膠等,需要對(duì)這些不良開(kāi)展分析,并開(kāi)展改進(jìn),提高產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。

一、空焊

紅膠特異性較弱; 網(wǎng)板開(kāi)孔不佳; 銅鉑間距過(guò)大或大銅貼小元件; 刮刀壓力大;  元件平整度不佳(翹腳,變形)回焊爐預(yù)熱區(qū)升溫太快;  PCB銅鉑太臟或是氧化; 

PCB板含有水分;機(jī)器貼片偏移;紅膠印刷偏移;  機(jī)器夾板軌道松動(dòng)導(dǎo)致貼片偏移;  MARK點(diǎn)誤照導(dǎo)致元件打偏,導(dǎo)致空焊; 

二、短路

網(wǎng)板與PCB板間距過(guò)大導(dǎo)致紅膠印刷過(guò)厚短路;元件貼片高度設(shè)置過(guò)低將紅膠擠壓導(dǎo)致短路;回焊爐升溫過(guò)快導(dǎo)致;元件貼片偏移導(dǎo)致;網(wǎng)板開(kāi)孔不佳(厚度過(guò)厚,引腳開(kāi)孔過(guò)長(zhǎng),開(kāi)孔過(guò)大); 紅膠沒(méi)法承受元件重量;  網(wǎng)板或刮刀變形導(dǎo)致紅膠印刷過(guò)厚;紅膠特異性較強(qiáng);  空貼點(diǎn)位封貼膠紙卷起導(dǎo)致周邊元件紅膠印刷過(guò)厚; 回流焊振動(dòng)過(guò)大或不水平;

三、翹立

銅鉑兩邊大小不一造成拉力不勻; 預(yù)熱升溫速率太快;  機(jī)器貼片偏移;  紅膠印刷厚度均;  回焊爐內(nèi)溫度分布不勻; 紅膠印刷偏移;  機(jī)器軌道夾板不緊導(dǎo)致貼片偏移; 機(jī)器頭部晃動(dòng);  紅膠特異性過(guò)強(qiáng);  爐溫設(shè)置不當(dāng);  銅鉑間距過(guò)大;  MARK點(diǎn)誤照導(dǎo)致元悠揚(yáng)打偏

四、缺件

真空泵碳片不良真空不夠?qū)е氯奔?nbsp;吸咀堵塞或吸咀不良;  元件厚度測(cè)試不當(dāng)或檢測(cè)器不良; 貼片高度設(shè)置不當(dāng); 吸咀吹氣過(guò)大或不吹氣;  吸咀真空設(shè)定不當(dāng)(適用于MPA); 異形元件貼片速度過(guò)快;  頭部氣管破烈;  氣閥密封環(huán)磨損; 回焊爐軌道邊上有異物擦掉板上元件;

五、錫珠

回流焊預(yù)熱不足,升溫過(guò)快;  紅膠經(jīng)冷藏,回溫不完全;  紅膠吸濕造成噴濺(室內(nèi)濕度太重); PCB板中水分過(guò)多;  加過(guò)量稀釋劑;  網(wǎng)板開(kāi)孔設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng); 錫粉顆粒不勻。

六、偏移

電路板上的定位基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)不清晰;電路板上的定位基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)與網(wǎng)板的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有對(duì)正;電路板在印刷機(jī)內(nèi)的固定夾持松動(dòng),定位模具頂針不到位;印刷機(jī)的光學(xué)定位系統(tǒng)故障;焊錫膏漏印網(wǎng)板開(kāi)孔與電路板的設(shè)計(jì)文件不符合。要改進(jìn)PCBA貼片的不良,還需在各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)開(kāi)展嚴(yán)格把關(guān),防止上一個(gè)工序的問(wèn)題盡可能少的流到下一道工序。

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